Sphincterotomy
Sphincterotomy is the surgical procedure that stretches or cuts the internal sphincter, which is the muscle used to eliminate stool from the body. It is performed to repair an anal fissure, which is a tear in the tissue that lines the anus or anal canal. Anal fissures often cause pain, burning and bleeding during bowel movements, visible cracks in the skin around the anus, and itching. Although they usually heal on their own with few or no complications, surgery may be necessary for anal fissures that are chronic and unresponsive to noninvasive treatments.
The Sphincterotomy Procedure
During sphincterotomy, a small incision is made in the internal anal sphincter muscle to relax it, and allow it to stretch. This relieves strain on the anal fissure, reducing related symptoms. Any scar tissue and skin tags associated with the fissure are also removed. Sphincterotomy is performed, using general or local anesthesia, on an outpatient basis.
Recovery from Sphincterotomy
After sphincterotomy, the patient usually returns home the day of the surgery. Postoperative instructions are provided to ensure proper healing. Keeping the surgical area clean, drinking plenty of fluids, eating a diet high in fiber, and using stool softeners are essential.
Most patients return to work and other regular activities after a week or two, although full recovery can take 2 months.
Risks of Sphincterotomy
Although considered safe, there are certain risks associated with sphincterotomy. They include bleeding, infection, abscess formation and fecal incontinence.