Ischemic Colitis
A form of vascular colitis, ischemic colitis occurs when blood flow to the large intestine is reduced because of a blockage, or a narrowing of blood vessels. Diminished blood flow means inadequate oxygen for cells in the digestive system, resulting in significant pain typically felt in the abdominal area.
Risk Factors for Developing Ischemic Colitis
Certain factors, including the following, can put a person at higher risk for developing ischemic colitis:
- Aging
- High cholesterol
- Low blood pressure
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Although rare, taking certain medicines can also lead to ischemic colitis.
Symptoms of Ischemic Colitis
The symptoms that typically accompany ischemic colitis include the following:
- Pain or tenderness around the belly
- Diarrhea
- Bloody stools
People with ischemic colitis may also experience frequent and strong urges to move their bowels.
Diagnosis of Ischemic Colitis
To diagnose ischemic colitis, symptoms are reviewed, and a physical examination is performed. Diagnostic tests, including the following, are typically performed:
- Abdominal ultrasound
- Abdominal CT scan
- Colonoscopy (determines whether colon cancer is present)
To rule out infections, stool is analyzed.
Treatment of Ischemic Colitis
Treatment of ischemic colitis depends on its severity. Treatment methods include antibiotics to prevent infection, and intravenous fluids to prevent or treat dehydration. In particularly bad cases, surgery is necessary to repair colon damage, or remove the part of the colon containing the blockage.
Prevention of Ischemic Colitis
Most people who have ischemic colitis recover fully, and never have another episode. However, for those at high risk of developing it, effective preventative measures include getting regular physical exercise, controlling cholesterol, and limiting use of medications that restrict blood flow.